This study examined the association between implant failure and IL-1β (+3954) and TNF-α (–857) gene polymorphisms in Japanese. Forty patients (mean age 64.1 years) were divided into a control group with one or more healthy implants (n = 27) and a test group with one or more implants that failed early (n = 13). Samples were collected from the buccal mucosa using spatula. Total genomic DNA was amplified using phi29 DNA polymerase. Genomic DNA from the buccal mucosa was amplified using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The significance of the differences in the observed frequencies of the allele ratio and genotype distribution in both groups was assessed by Monte Carlo simulations using the program CLUMP. In the patient analysis, no significant differences were found in the allele or genotype distributions of the IL-1β gene between the control and test groups, and of TNF-α. In the implant analysis, no significant differences were noted in the allele or allele T-containing genotype distributions of IL-1β (+3954) between the control and test groups, whereas the allele distribution of TNF-α (–857) differed significantly between the two groups (p = 0.02). In the patient analysis, the patients possessing both genotypes, i.e. the allele T at IL-1β (+3954) and TNF-α (–857), the difference between the control and test groups was close to significance (p = 0.055). In the implant analysis, the patients possessing both genotypes, i.e. allele T at IL-1β (+3954) and TNF-α (–857) the difference between the control and test groups was significant (p = 0.008). This study suggests that possessing both the IL-1β (+3954) and TNF-α (–857) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) constitutes a risk factor for early implant failure in Japanese.

Statement of problem: Due to the conflicting results in literature, it is not clear which luting agent is suitable for implant retained fixed restorations in different clinical situations. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the retention of single crowns on implant direct abutments cemented with different conventional luting agents. Materials and methods: The study included 98 single crowns cemented with seven luting agents on to the abutments. Sandblasting was used as surface treatment. After cementation thermocycling was applied. The uniaxial tensile force was applied to all test crowns using universal test machine (Instron) at 0.5 mm/min. The load required to dislodge each crown was recorded in Newton. Means and standart deviations of loads at failure were analyzed using ANOVA. Statistical significance was set at (p < 0.05). Results: There were statistically significant differences among the groups for each luting agents (p < 0.05). Using adhesive resins (Panavia F 2.0) showed higher bond strength values in both sandblasted and nonblasted groups. The weakest bond strength values were obtained by using temporary luting agent (Cavex temporary cement). Conclusions: Within limitations of this study it can be said that when strong retention is necessary for implant-retained prosthesis, adhesive resin system is more retentive than zinc phosphate and zinc polycarboxylate. If the restoration needs retriavibilty, noneugenol temporary luting agent can be offered. Clinical Implications: Retentiveness of implant-retained fixed restorations is related not only to surface characteristics of abutment and crown but also to luting agents.

The goal of modern dentistry is to restore the patient to normal contour, function, comfort, esthetics, speech and health regardless of the atrophy, disease or injury of the stomatognathic system. As a result of continued research in treatment planning, implant designs, materials and techniques, predictable success is now a reality for the rehabilitation of many challenging situations. The biocompatibility profiles of synthetic substances (biomaterials) used for the replacement or augmentation of biologic tissues has always been a critical concern within the health care disciplines. For optimal performance, implant biomaterials should have suitable mechanical strength, biocompatibility and structural biostability in physiologic environments. This article reviews the various implant biomaterials and their suitability of use in implant dentistry.

Dentoalveolar fractures of the anterior maxilla usually result in a scooped out defect of the region. This causes loss of lip support and a less than optimal condition for implant placement. The present study aims to study the merits and demerits of using autogenous tibial graft for augmenting the anterior maxillary region. The study was carried out in 10 patients with post-traumatic anterior maxillary defects. The results of using tibial bone graft are presented.

Implant planning in many cases can be very straightforward, yet in some cases, the remaining anatomy can be deceptive in standard radiographs or clinically. The growing use of cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) has given new views to the practitioner on what lies below the soft tissue and within the bone. This can be essential in planning, where implants can be placed and what ancillary procedures (i.e. grafting) may be needed to place said implants. A case will be presented demonstrating how CBCT and co-axis implant may allow changes in implant position to avoid extensive grafting that may be necessary with standard fixtures.

Edentulous patients presenting with atrophic ridges and severe prognathic ridge relation are difficult to rehabilitate. Correction of the malrelation of the jaws is an absolute prerequisite for their successful prosthetic rehabilitation. A majority of the established surgical techniques to correct combined sagittal and vertical discrepancies of edentulous jaws are often prolonged and complex with attendant morbidity. However, distraction of the edentulous atrophic maxilla by an internal appliance has been found to be a simple, predictable and stable option for the treatment of these patients. This article presents a report of sagittal distraction of edentulous maxillary skeletal base to correct preprosthetic ridge discrepancies in two patients.

Occlusal philosophy for dental implants in complete arch prosthesis depends on several parameters. The occlusal philosophy selected should also satisfy patient's esthetic and functional demands of patient. This case report is demonstration of simplified approach in establishing harmonious occlusion at centric and eccentric mandible positions. Establishing guidance by provisional restoration ensured predictable occlusion in final restoration and also minimum occlusion adjustment at final insertion stage.

The aim was to present a few case reports of immediate loading of implants and to reiterate that immediate loading, when performed in judiciously selected cases wherein high initial stability has been achieved in good bone volume and quality, has comparable results to that of conventionally loaded implants as seen in current literature.

Implant placement in the posterior maxilla can be challenging with relation to the maxillary sinus and may necessitate the need for augmentation to allow placement of implants. The crestal approach, initially reported by Summers has allowed a more simplified approach to augmenting the maxillary sinus compared to the lateral window approach. A review of the crestal approach using the crestal approach sinus kit (CAS-Kit) (Hiossen, South Korea) is discussed.